Ecological Status of Fluted Giant Clam of Andrew Bay in Rakhine Coastal Region, Western Myanmar
Keywords:
Andrew Bay, Conservation assessment, Ecological status, Fluted Giant Clam, Rakhine Coastal Region, Western MyanmarAbstract
The fluted giant clam, Tridacna squamosa plays a significant role in reef ecosystems, contributing to biodiversity and habitat structure in Andrew Bay of the Rakhine Coastal Region, Western Myanmar. This current research synthesizes its ecological status, highlighting key factors affecting its populations, including environmental changes, overfishing, and habitat degradation. This study indicates that while some populations remain stable, others are declining due to climate change impacts, such as ocean acidification and increasing sea temperatures, which affect their physiological functions and reproductive output. The fluted giant clam's dependence on symbiotic relationships with zooxanthellae is crucial for its health and growth, making it vulnerable to shifts in marine conditions. Conservation efforts are essential to protect this species through habitat restoration and sustainable management practices. Collaborative research between scientists and local communities is encouraged to enhance understanding and protection of the fluted giant clam and its habitat. The findings underscore the need for integrated conservation strategies to ensure the sustainability of this ecologically important species.
References
Barbut, J., 1788. The genera vermium of Linnæus part 2d. Exemplified by several of the rarest and most elegant subjects in the orders of the Testacea, Lithophyta, and Zoophyta Animalia, accurately drawn from nature. With explanations in English and French. - pp. [1], i-xxvii [= 1-27], [1], 1-76, Tab. I-XIV [= 1-14]. London.
Bianconi, G.G., 1869. [Specimina zoologica Mosambicana] Rendiconto dell'adunanza del 25 Febbraio 1869. Rendiconto delle Sessioni dell'Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna. 1868-1869, 54-55.
Bieler, R., Carter, J.G., Coan, E.V. 2010. Classification of Bivalve families. In: Bouchet, P. and Rocroi, J. P. (Eds.), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52 (2), 113- 133.
Bosc, L.A.G., 1801. Histoire naturelle des coquilles, contenant leur description, les moeurs des animaux qui les habitent et leurs usages. Deterville, Paris. vol. 1, 343 p.; vol. 2, 330 p.; vol. 3, 292 p.; vol. 4, 280 p.; vol. 5, 255 p., 1 table, 44 plates.
Bruguière, J.G., 1797. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Vers, coquilles, mollusques et polypiers. Part 7 [Livraison 46, 30 July 1791]: Tome 1, pp. [i]-viii, 1-83, pl. 1-95, Paris: Panckoucke. Part 10 [Livraison 49, May 1792]: Tome 1, pp. 85-132; Tome 2, pl. 96-189, Paris: Panckoucke. Part 19 [Livraison 62, 8 July 1797], pl. 190-286, Paris: H. Agasse. [dates and publishers after Evenhuis & Petit 2003].
Copland, J.W., Lucas, J.S. 1988. Giant clams in Asia and the Pacific. Canberra, Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, 274 pp.
Cuvier, G. ,1795. Second Mémoire sur l'organisation et les rapports des animaux à sang blanc, dans lequel on traite de la structure des Mollusques et de leur division en ordre, lu à la société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, le 11 prairial an troisième. Magazin Encyclopédique, ou Journal des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts, 1795 [1. année] 2: 433-449.
Férussac, A.E.J.P.F. d'Audebard de., 1822. Tableaux systématiques des animaux mollusques classés en familles naturelles, dans lesquels on a établi la concordance de tous les systèmes; suivis d'un Prodrome général pour tous les mollusques ou fluviatiles, vivantes ou fossiles. Paris, 1821 et 1822. Livraison 9: 1-24 (Quarto edition) [Folio edition: 1-32] (6-IV-1821); livr. 10: 25-48 (Quarto) [Folio: 33-56] (26-V-1821); livr. 11: 49-72 (Quarto) [Folio: 57-76] (13-VII-1821); livr. 12: 73-88 (Quarto) [Folio: 77-92] (21-IX-1821); livr. 13: 89-110 (Quarto) [Folio: 93-114] (10-XI-1821); livr. 14: i-xxiv (Quarto) (16-II-1822); livr. 15: xxv-xlvii[i] (Quarto) (13-IV-1822); livr. 16: 1-27 (Quarto) (16-VII-1822). Paris / London (Arthus Bertrand / G.B. Sowerby).
Hedley, C., 1921. A revision of the Australian Tridacna. Records of the Australian Museum. 13 (4), 163-172, pl. 27-34.
Herrera, N.D., Poorten, J.J. ter., Bieler, R., Mikkelsen, P.M., Strong, E.E., Jablonski, D., Steppan, S.J., 2015. Molecular phylogenetics and historical biogeography amid shifting continents in the cockles and giant clams (Bivalvia: Cardiidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93, 94- 106.
Hidalgo, J.G., 1903. Obras malacológicas. Parte I. Estudios preliminares sobre la fauna malacológica de las Islas Filipinas. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales de Madrid, Madrid, 632 pp.
Iredale, T., 1937. Mollusca. In: Whitley, G. P. (ed). Middleton and Elizabeth Reefs, South Pacific Ocean. Australian Zoologist. 8(4): 232-261, pls 15-17 [12 March 1937].
IUCN, 1996. 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. 452 pp.
Lamarck, J.B., 1799. Prodrome d'une nouvelle classification des coquilles, comprenant une rédaction appropriée des caractères géneriques, et l'établissement d'un grand nombre de genres nouveaux. Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. 1, 63-91.
Lamarck, J.B., 1801. System of animals without vertebrae, or general table of the classes, orders, and genera of these animals; Presenting their essential characteristics and their distribution, according to the consideration of their natural relationships and their organization, and following the arrangement established in the galleries of the Museum of Natural History, among their preserved remains; Preceded by the opening speech of the Course of Zoology, given in the National Museum of Natural History in the year 8 of the Republic. Published by the author and Deterville, Paris. viii + 432 pp.
Lamarck, J.B., 1819. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome 6(1): vi + 343 pp.
Lamarck, J.B., 1809. Philosophie zoologique, ou exposition des considérations relatives à l'histoire naturelle des animaux. Paris, Dentu & the author. Tome premier, I-XXV, 1-428. Tome second, 1-475.
Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae, 824 pp.
Mörch, O.A.L., 1853. Catalogus conchyliorum quae reliquit D. Alphonso d'Aguirra & Gadea Comes de Yoldi, Regis Daniae Cubiculariorum Princeps, Ordinis Dannebrogici in Prima Classe & Ordinis Caroli Tertii Eques. Fasc. 1, Cephalophora, 170 pp. [1852]; Fasc. 2, Acephala, Annulata, Cirripedia, Echinodermata, 74 [+2] pp. [1853].
Neo, M.L., Todd, P.A., 2013. Conservation Status Reassessment of Giant Clams (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Tridacninae) in Singapore. Nature In Singapore 6, 125-133.
Neo, M.L., Wabnitz, C.C.C., Braley, R.D., Heslinga, G.A., Fauvelot, C., Van Wynsberge, S., Andréfouët, S., Waters, C., Tan, S.H., Gomez, E.D., Costello, M.J., Todd, P.A., 2017. Giant Clams (Bivalvia: Cardiidae: Tridacninae): A Comprehensive Update of Species and their Distribution, Current Threats and Conservation Status. In: Hawkins, S. J., Hughes, D. J., Smith, I. P., Dale, A. C., Firth, L. B. and Evans, A. J. (Eds.), Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. Taylor & Francis 55, pp. 87- 388.
Perry, G., 1811. Conchology, or the natural history of shells: containing a new arrangement of the genera and species, illustrated by coloured engravings executed from the natural specimens, and including the latest discoveries. W. Miller, London, 4 pp. + 61 pls.
Poorten, J.J. ter., 2024. A taxonomic iconography of living Cardiidae. Harxheim: Conch Books. 600 pp.
Poutiers, J.M., 1998. Gastropods. In: Carpenter, K. E. and Niem, V. H. (Eds.), FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, Corals, Bivalves and Gastropods. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome pp. 363- 649.
Reeve, L.A., 1862. Monograph of the genus Tridacna. In: Conchologia Iconica, or, illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, vol. 14, pl. 1-8 and unpaginated text. L. Reeve & Co., London. [stated date: pl. 1-8, June 1862].
Röding, P.F., 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg, viii + 199 pp.
Rosewater, J., 1965. The family Tridacnidae in the Indo-Pacific. Indo-Pac. Moll. 1 (6), 347-393.
Sowerby, G.B.II., 1884. Monograph of the genera Tridacna and Hippopus. In: Sowerby, G. B. II (Ed.), Thesaurus conchyliorum, or monographs of genera of shells. London. Vol. 5 (41-42), pp. 179-182, pl. 485-489.
Sowerby, G.B.III., 1912. Notes on the shells of Tridacna, and description of a new species. Proceedings of the Malacological Society 10 (1), 29-31.
Wells, S., 1997. Giant Clams: Status, Trade and Mariculture, and the Role of CITES in Management. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK. Ix + 77 pp.
WoRMS, 2024. Available Source: http://www.marinespecies.org.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Naung Naung Oo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The authors keep the copyrights of the published materials with them, but the authors are aggee to give an exclusive license to the publisher that transfers all publishing and commercial exploitation rights to the publisher. The puslisher then shares the content published in this journal under CC BY-NC-ND license.
