Comparative study of Leachate Characterization: Implication for Sustainable Environmental Management
Keywords:
Environment, Development, Sustainability, Eco-friendly, ManagementAbstract
Understanding the sources of environmental stressors, the role of geology, climate and technology would provide a guide to solving the problems posed by such stressor. The study examine the sources of wastes in Ikhueniro open dumpsite located in Benin city, Nigeria and characterize the leachate emanating from it. This will assist in adequate design of managerial scheme to tackle the menace posed by it while putting into consideration the role of geology, climate and technology. The key objectives are to carry out field study, characterize wastes in the dumpsite and collect raw leachate emanating from the wastes heap in order to determine its chemistry with established scientific techniques. The results obtained show a pH value of 7.7, BOD5/COD of 0.66mg/L and ammonia value of 64mg/L shows that the dumpsite is in a young stage which is > 0.5mg/L. The value of 3500mg/L of COD indicate that leachate in current study cannot be discharged into the environment unless treated. By comparison with previous studies, it was observed that climate, geology and technology are key factors influencing the prevalence of leachate in an environment. It is recommended that dumpsites should be well designed to collect raw leachate from source and treat before discharging into environment. It is further recommended that improving solid waste management through grassroots education and public awareness of the consequences of environmental mismanagement through media houses and social forums as well as funding of research geared towards specific wastes management should be adopted.
References
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Castro-Peixoto, A.L., dos Santos Salazar, R.F., de Souza Barboza, J.C., Izário Filho, H.J., 2018. Characterization of controlled landfill leachate from the city of Guaratinguetá - SP, Brazil. Revista Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13 (2), e2136.
Chandrappa, R., Das, D.B., 2012. Solid Waste Management. Environmental Science and Engineering 3-642-28681-0_2, Springer-VerlagBerling Heidelberg.
Cope, A., 1995. An Introduction of the Chemistry of Landfill Gas and Leachate. Center for Environmental Research and Consultancy (CERC Cambridge).
Dawood, A.S., Hamdan, N.A., Khudier, A.S., 2017. Assessment of physical-chemical parameters and water quality index for Shatt Al Arab River, Iraq. Proceedings of 82nd ISERD International Conference, Istanbul, Turkey.
Edegbai, A.J., Schwark, L., Oboh-Ikuenobe, F.E., 2019. A review of the latest Cenomanian to Maastrichtian geological evolution of Nigeria and its stratigraphic and paleogeographic implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences 150, 823-837.
Erick, A., 2003. Globalization, urbanization and municipal solid waste management in Africa: African Studies Association of Australasia and the Pacific. Conference Proceedings-African on a Global Stage.
Godwin, A., Oghenekohwiroro, E., 2016. Leachate Characteri-zation and Leachate Pollution Index from Landfill Dump Sites in Warri Metropolis, Nigeria. International Letters of Natural Sciences 57, 41-48.
Greater Shepparton, 2018. Waste and resources recovery; management strategy 2013-2023.Waste Strategy-2018 Revision, M18/83349.
Idehai, M.I., 2013. Electronic wastes: one of the factors responsible for failing health. Article 3.
Ikhile, C.L., 2016. Geomorphology and hydrology of the Benin region, Edo state, Nigeria. International Journal of Geoscience 7, 144-157.
Ilevbare, M., 2019. Sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of Ajali Formation outcrops, Anambra Basin: implications for provenance and palaeoenvironment. PhD Dissertation, University of Benin, Nigeria, 128p.
Imasuen, O.I., Omorogiev,a O.M., 2015. Waste management as a practical approach to sustainable development: A case study of the University of Benin, Faculty of Physical Sciences. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 19 (3), 487-493.
Imasuen, O.I., Omorogieva, O.M., 2013a. Comparative study of heavy metals distribution in a mechanic workshop and refuse dumpsite in Oluku and Otofure, Edo, South-Western Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 3 (17), 425-430.
Imasuen, O.I., Omorogieva, O.M., 2013b. Sources and environmental Implication of heavy metal pollution in plants grown around contaminated site In Edo State, Nigeria. Resource Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences 2 (5), 385-391.
Imeokparia, E.G., Onyeobi, T.U.S., Abodunde, F.L., 2009. Heavy metals concentration in the soils from a mechanic village, Uvwie Local Government Area of Delta State. Nigeria Journal of Applied Science 27, 137-143.
Isley, C.F., Nelson, P.F., Taylor, M.P., Stelcer, C., Atanacio, A.J., Cohen, D.D., Mani, F.S., Maata, M., 2018. Reducing mortality risk by targeting specific air pollution source. Science of the Total Environment 612, 450-461.
Kaushik, M.K., Kumar, A., Bansal, A., 2014. Geoenvironmental perspective and development plans for a new MSW landfill site using tire chips as leachate drainage material. EJGE 19, 17495- 175.
Kulikowska, D., Klimiuk, E., 2008. The Effect of Landfill Age on Municipal Leachate Composition. Bioresource Technology 99 (13), 5981-5.
Kurniawa, T., Chan, G.Y.S, Babel, S., 2006. Physico-Chemical Treatment Techniques for Wastewater Laden with Heavy Metals. Chemical Engineering Journal 118 (1), 83-98.
Longe, E.O., Balogun, M.R., 2010. Groundwater quality assessment near a municipal landfill, Lagos, Nigeria. Groundwater quality assessment near a municipal landfill, Lagos, Nigeria 2, 39-44.
Manaham, S.E., 2000. Environmental Chemistry, Seventh edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA 110-112p.
Manahan, S.E., 2010. Water Chemistry, Green Science and Technology of Nature's Most Renewable Resource. CRC Press Inc.
Mandakini, L.L.U, Mannapperuma, N., Bandara, N.J.G.J., Silva, K.D.C.C.J., Perera, M.T.C., 2016. Leachate characterization and assessment of surface water quality near Karadiyana solid waste dump site. Proceedings of the International Forestry and Environment Symposium 2016, Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka.
Mandishona, E., Mac-Phau, A.P., Gordeak, V.R., 1995. Dietary iron overload as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in black Africans. Hepatology 27, 1593-1566.
Merwan, R., Harshit, M., Subhankar, K., 2013. Leachate characterization and assessment of water pollution near a municipal solid waste landfill site. International Journal of Chemical and Physical Sciences 2 (Special Issue), 186-199.
Mukherjee, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., Ali, H.M., Sen-Gupta, B., 2015. Contemporary environmental issues of landfill leachate: Assessment & remedies. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 45(5): 472-590.
Noerfitriyan, E., Hartono, D.M., Moersidik, S.S., Gusniani, I., 2018. Leachate characterization and performance evaluation of leachate treatment plant in Cipayung landfill, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 106, The 4th International Seminar on Sustainable Urban Development 9-10 August 2017, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Nwajide, C.S., 2013. Geology of Nigeria sedimentary basins. CSS Bookshops Limited p 565. Omorogieva, O.M., 2016. Geoenvironmental characterization of leachate and hydrogeochemical properties of Ikhueniro dumpsite and environs in Benin City, Edo State.M.Phil thesis, University of Benin, Nigeria 138p.
Omorogieva, O.M., 2018. Application of ArcGIS in modeling groundwater and the health risk assessment in dumpsite environment in Benin City, south-western Nigeria. Ph.D. Dissertation University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, 189 p.
Omorogieva, O.M., Andre-Obayanju, O., 2020. Impacts of solid waste dumpsites leachate on Groundwater Quality and suggested mitigation measures by targeting specific pollutant sources: Ikhueniro, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Geological Research 3, 34-39.
Omorogieva, O.M., Imasuen, O.I., 2018. Lithostratigraphic and hydrogeological evaluation of groundwater system in parts of Benin Metropolis, Benin City Nigeria: The key to groundwater sustainability. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 22 (2), 275-280.
Omorogieva, O.M., Imasuen, O.I., Isikhuemen, M.I., Ehinlaye, O.A., Anegbe, B., Ikponmwen, M.O., 2016. Hydrogeology and water quality assessment (WQA) of Ikhueniro and Okhuahe using water quality index (WQI). Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 6 (3), 1-10.
Omorogieva, O.M., Tonjoh, A.J., 2020. Bioavailability of heavy metal load in soil, groundwater and food crops manihot esculenta and carica papaya in dumpsite environment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 17 (8), 4853-4864.
Onyeobi, T.U.S., Akujieze, C.N., 2014. Characteristics of soil and sediment parameters of Jisik-Izombe upper aquifer system for assessment of the potential of groundwater pollution. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 18 (4), 677-683.
Porteou,s A, (2001) A Dictionary of environmental science and technology. Third Edition, Wiley VCH, 671 p.
Rajkumar, N., Subramani, T., Elango, L., 2012. Impact of leachate on groundwater pollution due to non-engineered municipal solid waste landfill sites of erode city, Tamil Nadu, India. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering 9, 1-12.
Searle, D., Leggett, B.A., Crawford, D.H.G., Powell, L.W., 2001. Iron storage diseases. In Medical Geology Reversed Edition 805 p.
Selinus, O., Alloway, B., Centeno, J.A., Finkelman, R.B., Fuge, R., Lindh, U., Smedley, P., 2013. Essentials of medical geology (revised edition). Springer 805 p.
Shuokr, Q.A., Hamidi, A.A., Mohd, S.Y., Bashir, M.J.K., Umar, M. 2010. Leachate characterization in semi-aerobic and anaerobic sanitary landfills: A comparative study. J Environ Manage 91 (12), 2608-2614.
SON, 2015. Nigerian standard for drinking water quality. Nigeria Industrial Standard NIS-554-2015.
Soujanya, K.B., 2016. Characterization of Leachate and its effects on groundwater quality around Jawaharnagar Municipal open dumpsite, Rangareddy, Telangana. Current World Environment, An International Research Journal of Environmental Science 11 (1), 114-125.
Tawari-Fufeyin, P., 2015. Man Disposes, Environment Reacts, Man is at Risk. 154 Inaugural Series of the University of Benin, 92 p.
Tonjoh, J.A., Omorogieva, O.M., 2020. Assessment of groundwater quality and saltwater intrusion in Benikrukru, Gbaramatu, Delta state, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Applied Science 38, 78-88.
Unyimadu, J.P., Enekwechi, L.O., 2004. Leachate characteristics of Ojota landfill in Lagos. Journal of Nigerian Environmental Society 2 (1), 77-82.
WHO, 2011. Guidelines for drinking-water Quality, 1: Recommendation’s 1st Addendum to 3rd edition. World Health Organization, Geneva.
WHO, 2012. Guideline values for chemicals that are of health significance in drinking water quality? World Health Organization, Geneva 41-49 p.
Wreford, K., 1995. An analysis of the factors affecting landfill gas composition and production and leachate characteristics at the Vancouver landfill site at Burns Bog. MSc Thesis University of British Columbia, Canada.
Xaypanya, P, Takemura, J, Chiemchaisri, C, Seingheng, H, Tanchuling, AMN, 2018. Characterization of Landfill Leachates and Sediments in Major Cities of Indochina Peninsular Countries-Heavy Metal Partitioning in Municipal Solid Waste Leachate. Environments 5, 65 p.
Zakaria, S.N.F., Aziz, H.A., 2018. Characteristics of leachate at Alor Pongsu landfill site, Perak, Malaysia: A comparative study. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 140, 4th International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering for Sustainability (IConCEES 2017) 4-5 December 2017, Langkawi, Malaysia 14, 33-39.
Agrawa, A., Pandey, R., Agrawal, M.L., 2011. Municipal Waste Management. International Journal of Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2, 113-118.
Akujieze, C.N., 2004. Effects of anthropogenic activities on urban groundwater system and aquifer vulnerability assessment in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Benin, Nigeria.
APHA, 2004. American Public Health Association (APHA), Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater (21st ed). Washington, DC: APHA-AWWA-WEF.
AOAC, 1984. Official Methods of Analysis (15th ed). Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Washington, DC, USA.
Banch, T.J.H., Hanafiah, M.M., Abu-Amr, S.S., Ashraf, M.A., 2019. Characterization of leachate from Ampartenang closed landfill site, Selangor, Malaysia. AIP Conference Proceedings 2111, 060009.https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5111271.
Castro-Peixoto, A.L., dos Santos Salazar, R.F., de Souza Barboza, J.C., Izário Filho, H.J., 2018. Characterization of controlled landfill leachate from the city of Guaratinguetá - SP, Brazil. Revista Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13 (2), e2136.
Chandrappa, R., Das, D.B., 2012. Solid Waste Management. Environmental Science and Engineering 3-642-28681-0_2, Springer-VerlagBerling Heidelberg.
Cope, A., 1995. An Introduction of the Chemistry of Landfill Gas and Leachate. Center for Environmental Research and Consultancy (CERC Cambridge).
Dawood, A.S., Hamdan, N.A., Khudier, A.S., 2017. Assessment of physical-chemical parameters and water quality index for Shatt Al Arab River, Iraq. Proceedings of 82nd ISERD International Conference, Istanbul, Turkey.
Edegbai, A.J., Schwark, L., Oboh-Ikuenobe, F.E., 2019. A review of the latest Cenomanian to Maastrichtian geological evolution of Nigeria and its stratigraphic and paleogeographic implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences 150, 823-837.
Erick, A., 2003. Globalization, urbanization and municipal solid waste management in Africa: African Studies Association of Australasia and the Pacific. Conference Proceedings-African on a Global Stage.
Godwin, A., Oghenekohwiroro, E., 2016. Leachate Characteri-zation and Leachate Pollution Index from Landfill Dump Sites in Warri Metropolis, Nigeria. International Letters of Natural Sciences 57, 41-48.
Greater Shepparton, 2018. Waste and resources recovery; management strategy 2013-2023.Waste Strategy-2018 Revision, M18/83349.
Idehai, M.I., 2013. Electronic wastes: one of the factors responsible for failing health. Article 3.
Ikhile, C.L., 2016. Geomorphology and hydrology of the Benin region, Edo state, Nigeria. International Journal of Geoscience 7, 144-157.
Ilevbare, M., 2019. Sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of Ajali Formation outcrops, Anambra Basin: implications for provenance and palaeoenvironment. PhD Dissertation, University of Benin, Nigeria, 128p.
Imasuen, O.I., Omorogiev,a O.M., 2015. Waste management as a practical approach to sustainable development: A case study of the University of Benin, Faculty of Physical Sciences. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 19 (3), 487-493.
Imasuen, O.I., Omorogieva, O.M., 2013a. Comparative study of heavy metals distribution in a mechanic workshop and refuse dumpsite in Oluku and Otofure, Edo, South-Western Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 3 (17), 425-430.
Imasuen, O.I., Omorogieva, O.M., 2013b. Sources and environmental Implication of heavy metal pollution in plants grown around contaminated site In Edo State, Nigeria. Resource Journal in Engineering and Applied Sciences 2 (5), 385-391.
Imeokparia, E.G., Onyeobi, T.U.S., Abodunde, F.L., 2009. Heavy metals concentration in the soils from a mechanic village, Uvwie Local Government Area of Delta State. Nigeria Journal of Applied Science 27, 137-143.
Isley, C.F., Nelson, P.F., Taylor, M.P., Stelcer, C., Atanacio, A.J., Cohen, D.D., Mani, F.S., Maata, M., 2018. Reducing mortality risk by targeting specific air pollution source. Science of the Total Environment 612, 450-461.
Kaushik, M.K., Kumar, A., Bansal, A., 2014. Geoenvironmental perspective and development plans for a new MSW landfill site using tire chips as leachate drainage material. EJGE 19, 17495- 175.
Kulikowska, D., Klimiuk, E., 2008. The Effect of Landfill Age on Municipal Leachate Composition. Bioresource Technology 99 (13), 5981-5.
Kurniawa, T., Chan, G.Y.S, Babel, S., 2006. Physico-Chemical Treatment Techniques for Wastewater Laden with Heavy Metals. Chemical Engineering Journal 118 (1), 83-98.
Longe, E.O., Balogun, M.R., 2010. Groundwater quality assessment near a municipal landfill, Lagos, Nigeria. Groundwater quality assessment near a municipal landfill, Lagos, Nigeria 2, 39-44.
Manaham, S.E., 2000. Environmental Chemistry, Seventh edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA 110-112p.
Manahan, S.E., 2010. Water Chemistry, Green Science and Technology of Nature's Most Renewable Resource. CRC Press Inc.
Mandakini, L.L.U, Mannapperuma, N., Bandara, N.J.G.J., Silva, K.D.C.C.J., Perera, M.T.C., 2016. Leachate characterization and assessment of surface water quality near Karadiyana solid waste dump site. Proceedings of the International Forestry and Environment Symposium 2016, Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka.
Mandishona, E., Mac-Phau, A.P., Gordeak, V.R., 1995. Dietary iron overload as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in black Africans. Hepatology 27, 1593-1566.
Merwan, R., Harshit, M., Subhankar, K., 2013. Leachate characterization and assessment of water pollution near a municipal solid waste landfill site. International Journal of Chemical and Physical Sciences 2 (Special Issue), 186-199.
Mukherjee, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., Ali, H.M., Sen-Gupta, B., 2015. Contemporary environmental issues of landfill leachate: Assessment & remedies. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 45(5): 472-590.
Noerfitriyan, E., Hartono, D.M., Moersidik, S.S., Gusniani, I., 2018. Leachate characterization and performance evaluation of leachate treatment plant in Cipayung landfill, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 106, The 4th International Seminar on Sustainable Urban Development 9-10 August 2017, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Nwajide, C.S., 2013. Geology of Nigeria sedimentary basins. CSS Bookshops Limited p 565. Omorogieva, O.M., 2016. Geoenvironmental characterization of leachate and hydrogeochemical properties of Ikhueniro dumpsite and environs in Benin City, Edo State.M.Phil thesis, University of Benin, Nigeria 138p.
Omorogieva, O.M., 2018. Application of ArcGIS in modeling groundwater and the health risk assessment in dumpsite environment in Benin City, south-western Nigeria. Ph.D. Dissertation University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, 189 p.
Omorogieva, O.M., Andre-Obayanju, O., 2020. Impacts of solid waste dumpsites leachate on Groundwater Quality and suggested mitigation measures by targeting specific pollutant sources: Ikhueniro, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Geological Research 3, 34-39.
Omorogieva, O.M., Imasuen, O.I., 2018. Lithostratigraphic and hydrogeological evaluation of groundwater system in parts of Benin Metropolis, Benin City Nigeria: The key to groundwater sustainability. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 22 (2), 275-280.
Omorogieva, O.M., Imasuen, O.I., Isikhuemen, M.I., Ehinlaye, O.A., Anegbe, B., Ikponmwen, M.O., 2016. Hydrogeology and water quality assessment (WQA) of Ikhueniro and Okhuahe using water quality index (WQI). Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 6 (3), 1-10.
Omorogieva, O.M., Tonjoh, A.J., 2020. Bioavailability of heavy metal load in soil, groundwater and food crops manihot esculenta and carica papaya in dumpsite environment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 17 (8), 4853-4864.
Onyeobi, T.U.S., Akujieze, C.N., 2014. Characteristics of soil and sediment parameters of Jisik-Izombe upper aquifer system for assessment of the potential of groundwater pollution. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 18 (4), 677-683.
Porteou,s A, (2001) A Dictionary of environmental science and technology. Third Edition, Wiley VCH, 671 p.
Rajkumar, N., Subramani, T., Elango, L., 2012. Impact of leachate on groundwater pollution due to non-engineered municipal solid waste landfill sites of erode city, Tamil Nadu, India. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Sciences and Engineering 9, 1-12.
Searle, D., Leggett, B.A., Crawford, D.H.G., Powell, L.W., 2001. Iron storage diseases. In Medical Geology Reversed Edition 805 p.
Selinus, O., Alloway, B., Centeno, J.A., Finkelman, R.B., Fuge, R., Lindh, U., Smedley, P., 2013. Essentials of medical geology (revised edition). Springer 805 p.
Shuokr, Q.A., Hamidi, A.A., Mohd, S.Y., Bashir, M.J.K., Umar, M. 2010. Leachate characterization in semi-aerobic and anaerobic sanitary landfills: A comparative study. J Environ Manage 91 (12), 2608-2614.
SON, 2015. Nigerian standard for drinking water quality. Nigeria Industrial Standard NIS-554-2015.
Soujanya, K.B., 2016. Characterization of Leachate and its effects on groundwater quality around Jawaharnagar Municipal open dumpsite, Rangareddy, Telangana. Current World Environment, An International Research Journal of Environmental Science 11 (1), 114-125.
Tawari-Fufeyin, P., 2015. Man Disposes, Environment Reacts, Man is at Risk. 154 Inaugural Series of the University of Benin, 92 p.
Tonjoh, J.A., Omorogieva, O.M., 2020. Assessment of groundwater quality and saltwater intrusion in Benikrukru, Gbaramatu, Delta state, Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Applied Science 38, 78-88.
Unyimadu, J.P., Enekwechi, L.O., 2004. Leachate characteristics of Ojota landfill in Lagos. Journal of Nigerian Environmental Society 2 (1), 77-82.
WHO, 2011. Guidelines for drinking-water Quality, 1: Recommendation’s 1st Addendum to 3rd edition. World Health Organization, Geneva.
WHO, 2012. Guideline values for chemicals that are of health significance in drinking water quality? World Health Organization, Geneva 41-49 p.
Wreford, K., 1995. An analysis of the factors affecting landfill gas composition and production and leachate characteristics at the Vancouver landfill site at Burns Bog. MSc Thesis University of British Columbia, Canada.
Xaypanya, P, Takemura, J, Chiemchaisri, C, Seingheng, H, Tanchuling, AMN, 2018. Characterization of Landfill Leachates and Sediments in Major Cities of Indochina Peninsular Countries-Heavy Metal Partitioning in Municipal Solid Waste Leachate. Environments 5, 65 p.
Zakaria, S.N.F., Aziz, H.A., 2018. Characteristics of leachate at Alor Pongsu landfill site, Perak, Malaysia: A comparative study. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 140, 4th International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering for Sustainability (IConCEES 2017) 4-5 December 2017, Langkawi, Malaysia 14, 33-39.
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