Resistivity Contrast and the Phenomenon of Geophysical Anomaly in Groundwater Exploration in A Crystalline Basement Environment, Southwestern Nigeria
Keywords:
Lateral Resistivity Profiling, Vertical Electrical Sounding, M-formula, Groundwater Yield, Akure MetropolisAbstract
In absence of magnetic, gravity, electromagnetic and seismic refraction tools, Lateral Resistivity Profiling (LRP) has been engaged as major tool in the study of deep-seated geological structures for the evaluation of structural trend and settings for groundwater exploration in a complex geologic environment of Southwestern Nigeria. Twenty LRP using wenner configuration was used to delineate zones of resistivity contrast anomaly (weak zone) diagnostic of fracture, fault, cracks, joints and highly weathered geologic materials. Thirty-three Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using schlumberger configurations was carried out on the zones of resistivity contrast (weak zones) to delineate geoelectric sequence and layer stratification. The results from the VES were used to generate geoelectric section, geoelectric maps and also to determine the second order parameters. Groundwater potential map was also generated from the integration of geoelectric parameters using Multi-Criteria Evaluation Techniques (MCDA). The model was classified into low, moderate, high and very high groundwater potential zones and all identified points was drilled and the boreholes was very productive, which were used to validate the accuracy of the groundwater potential map. M-formula was used to determine the groundwater yield index value to model the groundwater yield map. All the result obtained has been found to be very relevant in groundwater evaluation of the study area and thereby justifying the relevance of LRP as a major tool in groundwater exploration before carrying out VES.References
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Chowdhury, A., Jha, M.K., Chowdary, V.M., Mal, B.C., 2009. Integrated remote sensing and GIS based approach for assessing groundwater. International Journal of Remote Sensing 30 (1), 231-250.
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Ilugbo, S.O., Adebo, B.A., Olomo, K.O., Adebiyi, A.D., 2018a. Application of Gis and multi criteria decision analysis to geoelectric parameters for modeling of groundwater potential around Ilesha, Southwestern Nigeria. European Journal of Academic Essays 5 (5), 105-123.
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Ilugbo, S.O., Adebiyi, A.D., 2017. Intersection of lineaments for groundwater prospect analysis using satellite remotely sensed and aeromagnetic dataset around Ibodi, Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Physical Sciences 12 (23), 329-353.
Lee, S., Song, K-Y., Kim, Y., Park, I., 2012. Regional groundwater productivity potential mapping using a geographic information system (GIS) based artificial neural network model. Hydro-geology Journal 20, 1511-1527.
Murali, S., Patangay, N.S., 1998. Principles and applications of groundwater Geophysics, Publ. by AEG, OU, Hyderabad: Association of Exploration Geophysicists p. 421.
Navalgund, R.R., 1997. Revised development plan of Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority Area-2011. Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority and Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad, India, Technical Report 1 SAC/RSAG/TR/12/ AUG/1997, 142.
Odeyemi, I.B., Asiwaju-Bello, Y.A., 1999. Anifowose AYB. Remote sensing fracture characteristics of the pan African granite batholiths in the basement complex of parts of Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Techno-Science 3, 56-60.
Olarewaju, V.O., 1988. REE in charnockitic and associated granitic rocks of Ado-Ekiti Akure, Southwest Nigeria: In: Precambrian Geology of Nigeria. (Edited by the Nigerian Geological Survey), 231-239.
Olorunfemi, M.O., Olarewaju, V.O., Alade, O., 1991. On the electrical anisotropy and Ground water yield in a Basement complex area of S.W. Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East) 12 (3), 462-472.
Owoyemi, F.B., 1996. A geologic-geophysical investigation of rain-induced erosional features in Akure Metropolis. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Federal University of Technology, Akure, 11-18.
Oyedele, AA., Bawallah, M.A., Ozegin, K.O., Ilugbo, S.O., Ajayi, C.A., Aigbedion, I., 2020. Probability functions of road failures in a typical basement complex region, South western Nigeria: A case study of Akure - Oba Ile Airport Road. International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering 12 (2), 10-21.
Oyedele A.A., 2019. Use of remote sensing and GIS techniques for groundwater exploration in the basement complex terrain of Ado‑Ekiti, SW Nigeria. Applied Water Science 9, 51.
Ozegin, K.O., Bawallah, M.A., Ilugbo, S.O., Oyedele, A.A., Oladeji, J.F., 2019. Effect of Geodynamic Activities on an Existing Dam: A Case Study of Ojirami Dam, Southern Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 7, 200-213.
Rahaman, M.A., 1988. Recent advances in the study of the basement complex of Nigeria. In Oluyide PO, Mbonu WC, Ogezi AE, Egbuniwe IG, Ajibade AC, Umeji AC. (Eds.). Precambrian Geology of Nigeria. Geological Survey of Nigeria Special Publication 11, 41.
Slomczynska, B., Slomczynski, T., 2004. Physicochemical and toxicological characteristics of Leachates from MSW Landfills. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 13 (6), 627-637.
Singhal, D.S., Niwas, S., 1981. Examination of aquifer transmissivity from Dar Zarrouk parameters in porous media, Journal of Hydrology 50, 393-399.
Adebo, B.A., Layade, G.O., Ilugbo, S.O., Hamzat, A.A., Otobrise, H.K., 2019. Mapping of Subsurface Geological Structures using Ground Magnetic and Electrical Resistivity Methods within Lead City University, Southwestern Nigeria. Kada Journal of Physics 2 (2), 64-73.
Adebo, A.B., Ilugbo, S.O., Oladetan, F.E., 2018. Modeling of Groundwater Potential Using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Multi-caterial Analysis at Omitogun Housing Estate, Akure, Southwestern Nigeria. Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports 1 (2), 1-11.
Adiat, K.A.N., Nawawi, M.N.M., Abdullah, K., 2013. Application of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Geoelectric and Geology Parameters for Spatial Prediction of Groundwater Resources Potential and Aquifer Evaluation. Pure Applied Geophysics 170 (3), 453–471.
Alabi, T.O., Ilugbo, S.O., Akinmoye, O.E., Ibitomi, M.A., Aigbedion, I., Adeleke, K.A., Ajanaku, B.S., 2019. Application of Electrical Resistivity and Hydrochemistry Methods for Mapping Groundwater Contamination around Okun Ilashe Island Area, Lagos State, Southwestern Nigeria, Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 23 (4), 1-15.
Aluko, A.B., 2008. Geology of Akure Area Southwestern Nigeria. Unpublished B.Tech. Thesis, Federal University of Technology, Akure, 70.
Bawallah, M.A., Ofomola, M.O., Ilugbo, S.O. Aina, A.O., Olaogun, S.O., Olayiwola, K.O, Awoniran D.R., 2020. Effect of Lineament and drainage orientation on groundwater potential of Moro Area Central Kwara State Nigeria. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13 (10), 1124-1134.
Bawallah, M.A., Aina, A.O., Ilugbo, S.O., Ozegin, K.O., Olasunkanmi, K.N., 2018). Evaluation of Groundwater Yield Capacity Using Dar-zarrouk Parameter of Central Kwara State, Southwestern Nigeria. Asian Journal of Geological Research 1 (1), 1-13.
Chowdhury, A., Jha, M.K., Chowdary, V.M., Mal, B.C., 2009. Integrated remote sensing and GIS based approach for assessing groundwater. International Journal of Remote Sensing 30 (1), 231-250.
Eastman, J.R., 1996. Multi-criteria Evaluation and Geographical Information Systems Eds. Longley PA, Goodchild MF, Magurie DJ and Rhind DW, Second Edition, 1 (John Wiley and Sons, New York), 493-502.
Ewusi, A., Kuma, J.S., Voigt, H.J., 2009. Utility of the 2-D multi-electrode resistivity imaging technique in groundwater exploration in the Voltaian sedimentary basin, Northern Ghana. Natural Resources Research 18 (4), 267-275.
Ilugbo, S.O., Adebo, B.A., Olomo, K.O., Adebiyi, A.D., 2018a. Application of Gis and multi criteria decision analysis to geoelectric parameters for modeling of groundwater potential around Ilesha, Southwestern Nigeria. European Journal of Academic Essays 5 (5), 105-123.
Ilugbo, S.O., Adebiyi, A.D., Olomo, K.O., 2018b. Modeling of Groundwater Yield Using GIS and Electrical Resistivity Method in a Basement Complex Terrain, Southwestern Nigeria, Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 16 (1), 1-17.
Ilugbo, S.O., Edunjobi, H.O., Alabi, T.O., Ogabi, A.F., Olomo, K.O., Ojo, O.A., Adeleke, K.A., 2019. Evaluation of Groundwater Level Using Combined Electrical Resistivity Log with Gamma (Elgg) around Ikeja, Lagos State, Southwestern Nigeria. Asian Journal of Geological Research 2 (3), 1-13.
Ilugbo, S.O., Adebiyi, A.D., 2017. Intersection of lineaments for groundwater prospect analysis using satellite remotely sensed and aeromagnetic dataset around Ibodi, Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Physical Sciences 12 (23), 329-353.
Lee, S., Song, K-Y., Kim, Y., Park, I., 2012. Regional groundwater productivity potential mapping using a geographic information system (GIS) based artificial neural network model. Hydro-geology Journal 20, 1511-1527.
Murali, S., Patangay, N.S., 1998. Principles and applications of groundwater Geophysics, Publ. by AEG, OU, Hyderabad: Association of Exploration Geophysicists p. 421.
Navalgund, R.R., 1997. Revised development plan of Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority Area-2011. Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority and Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad, India, Technical Report 1 SAC/RSAG/TR/12/ AUG/1997, 142.
Odeyemi, I.B., Asiwaju-Bello, Y.A., 1999. Anifowose AYB. Remote sensing fracture characteristics of the pan African granite batholiths in the basement complex of parts of Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Techno-Science 3, 56-60.
Olarewaju, V.O., 1988. REE in charnockitic and associated granitic rocks of Ado-Ekiti Akure, Southwest Nigeria: In: Precambrian Geology of Nigeria. (Edited by the Nigerian Geological Survey), 231-239.
Olorunfemi, M.O., Olarewaju, V.O., Alade, O., 1991. On the electrical anisotropy and Ground water yield in a Basement complex area of S.W. Nigeria. Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East) 12 (3), 462-472.
Owoyemi, F.B., 1996. A geologic-geophysical investigation of rain-induced erosional features in Akure Metropolis. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Federal University of Technology, Akure, 11-18.
Oyedele, AA., Bawallah, M.A., Ozegin, K.O., Ilugbo, S.O., Ajayi, C.A., Aigbedion, I., 2020. Probability functions of road failures in a typical basement complex region, South western Nigeria: A case study of Akure - Oba Ile Airport Road. International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering 12 (2), 10-21.
Oyedele A.A., 2019. Use of remote sensing and GIS techniques for groundwater exploration in the basement complex terrain of Ado‑Ekiti, SW Nigeria. Applied Water Science 9, 51.
Ozegin, K.O., Bawallah, M.A., Ilugbo, S.O., Oyedele, A.A., Oladeji, J.F., 2019. Effect of Geodynamic Activities on an Existing Dam: A Case Study of Ojirami Dam, Southern Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 7, 200-213.
Rahaman, M.A., 1988. Recent advances in the study of the basement complex of Nigeria. In Oluyide PO, Mbonu WC, Ogezi AE, Egbuniwe IG, Ajibade AC, Umeji AC. (Eds.). Precambrian Geology of Nigeria. Geological Survey of Nigeria Special Publication 11, 41.
Slomczynska, B., Slomczynski, T., 2004. Physicochemical and toxicological characteristics of Leachates from MSW Landfills. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 13 (6), 627-637.
Singhal, D.S., Niwas, S., 1981. Examination of aquifer transmissivity from Dar Zarrouk parameters in porous media, Journal of Hydrology 50, 393-399.
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