Geology, Characterization and Usability for Drilling of Seyitgazi-Eskişehir Clays
Keywords:
Geology, Bentonite, Seyitgazi Clay, Drilling, ClayAbstract
In this study, geological properties and characterization evaluations of Seyitgazi-Eskişehir region bentonites were investigated. Also, usability for drilling the bentonites was investigated according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) standards. Bentonite samples were collected from different locations and named ES-1A, ES-1B, ES-1C, ES-2A, ES-2B, and ES-3 for analysis. The geological evaluations were examined with formations and occurring mechanisms. Characterization of the samples were examined through XRF, XRD, Rietveld, FT-IR, and optical microscope analysis. Also, the suspensions made with the samples investigated flow properties with a rotary viscometer and filter press. With the results of the mud flow analysis, suitabilities for drilling operations were determined.
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Afolabi, R.O., Ogunkunle, T.F., Olabode, O.A., Yusuf, E.O., 2018. Dataset on the beneficiation of a Nigerian bentonite clay mineral for drilling mud formulation. Data in Brief,20, 234-241.
Caenn, R., Chilingar, G.V., 1996. Drilling fluids: State of the art. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 14, 221-230.
Chilingar, G.V., Vorabutr, P., 1983. Drilling and drilling fluids (2nd Ed.). Elsevier. ISBN: 978-044-4421-77- 7.
Erdoğan, Y., Kök, O.E., 2020. Current Research in Engineering and Architecture Sciences. Flow Char- acteristics of Eldivan–Çankırı (Turkey) Bentonites Compared to Wyoming (USA) in Drilling Muds: An Experimental Approach (pp. 91-101). IVPE Publishing Group. ISBN: 978-9949-46-027-3.
Erdoğan, Y., Kök, O.E., 2019a. Production and characterization of nanobentonite from sodium bentonite with mechanical grinding. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 28 (11), 8141- 8150.
Erdoğan, Y., Kök, O.E., 2019b. Usage of olivine as additive material in water-based drilling muds. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 28 (7), 5559-5568.
Gandhi, D., Bandyopadhyay, R., Soni, B., 2022. Naturally occurring bentonite clay: Structural augmentation, characterization and application as catalyst. Materials Today: Proceedings 57, 194-201.
Geological Map of J-25 Layout (1/100.000), 2018b. Mineral Research and Exploration General Directorate (MTA), Ankara, Turkey.
Geological Report of J-25 Layout, 2018a. Mineral Research and Exploration General Directorate (MTA), Ankara, Turkey.
Geological Report of J-26 Layout, 2009. Mineral Research and Exploration General Directorate (MTA), Ankara, Turkey.
Kadir, S., Külah, T., Erkoyun, H., Uyanık, N.Ö., Eren, M., Elliott, W.C., 2021. Mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of bentonites in Upper Cretaceous pyroclastics of the Bereketli member of the Reşadiye Formation, Reşadiye (Tokat), Turkey. Applied Clay Science 204, 106024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2021.106024.
Kök, M.V., 2004. Rheological and thermal analysis of bentonites for water base drilling fluids. Energy Sources 26, 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490258524.
Gullu, A., Ozdemir, A., Palabiyik, A., Yaşar, E., 2021. Türkiye kara alanlarındaki petrol ve doğalgaz kuyularında kullanılan sondaj akışkanı katkı maddeleri [Drilling fluid additives used in oil and gas wells drilled in onshore of Turkey]. European Journal of Science and Technology, 398-406, (in Turkish with English abstract). https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.954723.
Kök, E., Özdemir, A., Erdoğan, Y., 2023. Bentonitlerin Oluşumu, Sınıflandırılması ve Kullanım Alanları [Occurrence, Classification and Uses of Bentonites]. Bardak S. and Ayata, Ü. (Eds), Current Research in Engineering, Gece Publishing, 82-92, ISBN: 978-625-430-706-5 (in Turkish)
Ozdemir, A., Palabiyik, Y., Yasar, E., Gullu, A., 2022. A new approach to estimate drilling time, rate of penetration, and drillability of formations in oil and gas exploration and production basins of Turkey. Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources 8 (3), 94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-022-00405-2.
Ozdemir, A., Güllü, A., Yaşar, E., Palabiyik, Y., 2021. Drilling engineering assessment and cost analysis of oil and gas wells drilled in onshore of Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 3 (3), 235-243
Ozyurtkan, M.H., Arslan, M.S., Palabiyik, Y., Ozdemir, A., Erdoğan, Y., 2022. The application of borax as a fresh water-based drilling fluid additive for different temperature and clay contamination conditions. International Journal of Earth Sciences Knowledge and Applications 4 (3), 375-379.
Önal, M., Sarıkaya, Y., 2007. Thermal behavior of a bentonite. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 90 (1), 167-172.
Önal, M., Üstünışık, G., Noyan, H., Kahraman, S., Sarıkaya, Y., Bozdoğan, I., 2005. Killer İçinde Bulunan Kil Dışı Mineraller Give the title in English in parentheses, XII. Kil Sempozyumu, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Van, 5-9 Eylül 2005, pp. 46-56 (in Turkish).
Siyahi, B.G., Hekimoglu, S., Ansal, A.M., 1996. Sıkıştırılmış Kil Zeminin Tekrarlı-şişme Davranışı Give the title in English in parentheses, 6. Ulusal Zemin Mekaniği ve Temel Mühendisliği Kongresi, pp. 179-188 (in Turkish).
Starý, J., Jirasek, J., Pticen, F., Zahradnik, J., Sivek, M., 2021. Review of production, reserves, and processing of clays (including bentonite) in the Czech Republic. Applied Clay Science 205, 106049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2021.106049.
Yalçın, H., 1988. Kırka (Eskişehir) Yöresi Volkanosedimanter Oluşumların Minerolojik-Petrografik ve Jeokimyasal İncelemesi (Give the title in English in parentheses). Doctoral Thesis, Hacettepe University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Ankara (In Turkish).
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