Some Ecological Aspects and Conservation Efforts on Honeycomb Oysters in Rakhine Coastal Region of Myanmar

Abstract

A total of four distinct species of "honeycomb oysters" belonging to the family Gryphaeidae (Order: Ostreida) within the class Bivalvia. The specimens categorized represent two primary genera: Hyotissa (Stenzel, 1971) and Neopycnodonte (Stenzel, 1971). Among the genus Hyotissa, three species were recorded: H. hyotis (Giant honeycomb oyster), H. inermis (Saddle-shaped honeycomb oyster), and H. sinensis (Foam honeycomb oyster), with shell lengths ranging from 40.4 mm to a maximum of 75.5 mm. Additionally, the genus Neopycnodonte is represented by N. cochlear (Deepsea honeycomb oyster), measuring 58 mm in length. This compilation provides essential morphometric and classification data for these bivalve molluscs, highlighting the diversity of honeycomb oysters within their respective ecological niches. This study also examines the ecological significance, environmental requirements, and management frameworks for honeycomb oysters (Family: Gryphaeidae) within the Rakhine Coastal Region, Myanmar. Analysis of the region reveals that habitat suitability is strictly governed by tidal regimes, substrate stability, and seasonal salinity fluctuations- factors increasingly threatened by sedimentation and mangrove deforestation. To address pressures from overharvesting and coastal development, this paper evaluates potential Community-Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) and sustainable harvesting protocols, including size-based limits and seasonal closures. While documented conservation initiatives in Rakhine remain sparse, the integration of local stewardship with habitat restoration is identified as a vital pathway for maintaining population recruitment. The findings emphasize that a shift toward co-management and selective, low-impact harvesting gear is essential for the long-term resilience of Rakhine’s bivalve resources and the coastal livelihoods dependent upon them.