Hydraulic Fracturing Optimization in Unconventional Reservoirs: A Review
Keywords:
Hydraulic fracturing, unconventional reservoirs, fracture design, completion efficiency, proppants, forecasting, fishbone drillingAbstract
The development of unconventional reservoirs has transformed the global energy landscape, largely driven by advancements in hydraulic fracturing. However, achieving optimal performance in these complex, low-permeability formations requires more than just stimulation—it demands a comprehensive approach that integrates well selection, treatment design, execution efficiency, and accurate production forecasting. This review synthesizes recent developments in hydraulic fracturing optimization, drawing on case studies, simulation results, and emerging technologies.
The paper explores best practices in candidate selection using productivity and skin factor analysis, the evolution of fracture design from geometric to geo-engineered completions, and the impact of materials such as high-drag proppants and energized fluids on fracture conductivity. Execution inefficiencies, including low cluster contribution and proppant placement challenges, are addressed through new technologies like under-displacement plugs and real-time adaptive strategies. Furthermore, production forecasting methods are evaluated, with a focus on machine learning models such as ARIMA and LSTM, which demonstrate improved accuracy over traditional decline curve analysis.
Finally, the review highlights innovations like Fishbone Drilling as a complementary enhanced recovery technique in tight formations. Overall, the integration of advanced materials, real-time execution tools, and data-driven forecasting represents the future of efficient and intelligent hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs.
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